Managing Chemical Risks in the Workplace
Understanding the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) regulations is crucial for businesses operating in the UK when it comes to maintaining a safe and compliant workplace. This legislation, alongside the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), provides a framework for managing and mitigating risks associated with hazardous substances. In this blog, we'll delve into the key elements of COSHH, including high-risk hazards, COSHH assessments, common injuries, and the types of controls and personal protective equipment (PPE) that can keep workers safe.
What is COSHH?
COSHH is a UK regulation designed to protect workers from the risks associated with hazardous substances in the workplace. Under COSHH, employers must assess and control risks from substances that could cause harm, including chemicals, biological agents, and dust. The regulation aligns with the broader health and safety law principles, aiming to ensure that risks are minimised and managed effectively.
The Role of GHS in COSHH
The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) is an international system for standardising and harmonising the classification and labelling of chemicals. While COSHH is UK-specific, it incorporates GHS principles to ensure consistency with global standards. This includes:
Classification: Chemicals are classified based on their hazards, such as toxicity, flammability, and reactivity.
Labeling: Labels must provide clear hazard information, including symbols and precautionary statements.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS): Detailed information about chemical properties, hazards, and safety measures must be provided.
High-Risk Hazards Under COSHH
Certain substances are inherently more hazardous than others, and it’s crucial to recognize these high-risk hazards:
Toxic Substances: Chemicals that can cause severe health effects or death if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Examples include cyanides and some pesticides.
Carcinogens: Substances that can cause cancer. Asbestos and certain industrial chemicals fall into this category.
Corrosives: Chemicals that can cause severe damage to living tissue or materials. Strong acids and alkalis are common examples.
Flammable Substances: Materials that can ignite, such as solvents and certain gases.
Sensitizers: Substances that can cause allergic reactions, such as certain isocyanates used in coatings.
Conducting a COSHH Assessment
A COSHH assessment is a systematic process designed to identify and evaluate the risks associated with hazardous substances. Here’s how to conduct an effective assessment:
Identify Hazardous Substances: Determine which substances are used, handled, or produced in your workplace and whether they pose a risk.
Evaluate Risks: Assess how these substances could potentially harm workers. Consider factors like exposure routes, frequency, and duration.
Implement Controls: Determine and implement appropriate control measures based on your risk assessment. This might include engineering controls, work practices, or PPE.
Record Findings: Document your assessment and the control measures you’ve implemented. Ensure that this information is accessible to all relevant personnel.
Review and Revise: Regularly review and update your assessment to account for any changes in procedures or new substances.
Common Injuries from Hazardous Substances
Exposure to hazardous substances can lead to various health issues, including:
Respiratory Problems: Inhalation of toxic fumes or dust can cause asthma, bronchitis, or pneumoconiosis.
Skin Irritations: Contact with corrosive or sensitising substances can result in dermatitis, burns, or allergic reactions.
Eye Injuries: Chemical splashes can cause severe eye damage, potentially leading to blindness.
Long-Term Health Effects: Prolonged exposure to carcinogens or other harmful substances can result in serious conditions, including cancer or organ damage.
Types of Controls and PPE
To mitigate the risks associated with hazardous substances, various controls and personal protective equipment (PPE) should be employed:
Control Measures
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods, ventilation systems, and containment systems designed to minimise exposure to hazardous substances.
Administrative Controls: Changes in work practices, such as reducing exposure time, providing training, and implementing safe work procedures.
Substitution: Where possible, replace hazardous substances with less harmful alternatives.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves: Choose appropriate gloves based on the type of chemical, considering factors like permeation resistance and strength.
Safety Goggles/Face Shields: Protect eyes and face from splashes or fumes.
Respirators: Use suitable respiratory protection for inhalation hazards, including disposable masks or full-face respirators.
Protective Clothing: Wear lab coats, aprons, or suits to prevent skin contact with hazardous substances.
COSHH and GHS regulations form the cornerstone of chemical safety management in the UK. Employers can significantly reduce the risks associated with hazardous substances by understanding and implementing COSHH requirements, conducting thorough assessments, and employing appropriate controls and PPE. Ensuring safety measures are in place not only complies with legal obligations but also creates a safer and healthier working environment for everyone.